Companion Planting Chart
Traditional companion planting pairs for 63 vegetables, herbs and flowers, and the pairs usually kept apart, from US extension guides.
| Crop | Traditional companions | Usually kept apart |
|---|---|---|
| Basil | cherry tomato, cucumber, tomato | — |
| Beet | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, chives, collards, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, leek, onion (bulb), romaine lettuce, shallot | pole bean |
| Bell Pepper | borage, cherry tomato, chives, garlic, green onion, leek, marigold, okra, onion (bulb), oregano, parsley, radish, shallot, tomato | — |
| Borage | bell pepper, cantaloupe, cherry tomato, cucumber, hot pepper, strawberry, tomato, watermelon | — |
| Broccoli | beet, bush bean, calendula, celery, chamomile (german), chives, cucumber, edamame, fava bean, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, nasturtium, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Brussels Sprouts | beet, bush bean, celery, chamomile (german), chives, cucumber, edamame, fava bean, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, nasturtium, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Bush Bean | beet, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, calendula, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cilantro, collards, cucumber, eggplant, kale, kohlrabi, marigold, pea (shelling/snap/snow), potato, radish, rosemary, sage, strawberry, sweet corn, swiss chard | cherry tomato, chives, garlic, green onion, leek, onion (bulb), shallot, tomato |
| Cabbage | beet, bush bean, calendula, celery, chamomile (german), chives, collards, cucumber, edamame, fava bean, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Calendula | broccoli, bush bean, cabbage, carrot, cherry tomato, collards, pole bean, tomato | — |
| Cantaloupe | borage, chamomile (german), dill, nasturtium, pumpkin | — |
| Carrot | bush bean, calendula, cherry tomato, chives, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, onion (bulb), pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, tomato | dill |
| Cauliflower | beet, bush bean, celery, chamomile (german), chives, cucumber, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, nasturtium, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Celery | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, cherry tomato, chives, collards, garlic, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, leek, nasturtium, onion (bulb), pole bean, shallot, tomato | — |
| Chamomile (German) | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe, cauliflower, collards, cucumber, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, onion (bulb), watermelon | — |
| Cherry Tomato | basil, bell pepper, borage, calendula, carrot, celery, chives, cucumber, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, hot pepper, leaf lettuce, leek, marigold, mint, nasturtium, onion (bulb), oregano, parsley, romaine lettuce, shallot, sunflower, thyme | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, fennel (florence), kale, kohlrabi, potato, sweet corn |
| Chives | beet, bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomato, collards, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, tomato | bush bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean |
| Cilantro | bush bean, eggplant, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean, romaine lettuce, spinach | — |
| Collards | beet, bush bean, cabbage, calendula, celery, chamomile (german), chives, cucumber, edamame, fava bean, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, nasturtium, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Cucumber | basil, borage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, chamomile (german), cherry tomato, collards, dill, head lettuce, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, marigold, nasturtium, oregano, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean, radish, romaine lettuce, sunflower, sweet corn, tomato | potato, sage |
| Dill | cantaloupe, cucumber, eggplant, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, onion (bulb), romaine lettuce, spinach, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), watermelon, winter squash | carrot |
| Edamame | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collards, kale, kohlrabi, rutabaga, turnip | — |
| Eggplant | bush bean, cilantro, dill, marigold, oregano, parsley, pole bean, thyme | fennel (florence) |
| Fava Bean | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collards, kale, kohlrabi, rutabaga, spinach, turnip | — |
| Fennel (Florence) | head lettuce, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce | cherry tomato, eggplant, tomato |
| Garlic | beet, bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomato, collards, dill, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, potato, romaine lettuce, tomato | bush bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean |
| Green Onion | beet, bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chamomile (german), cherry tomato, collards, dill, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, salad mix (baby greens), spinach, strawberry, swiss chard, tomato | bush bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean |
| Head Lettuce | beet, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, cherry tomato, chives, cilantro, collards, cucumber, dill, fennel (florence), garlic, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, leek, mint, onion (bulb), parsley, radish, shallot, strawberry, sweet corn, tomato | — |
| Hot Pepper | borage, cherry tomato, chives, garlic, green onion, leek, marigold, onion (bulb), oregano, parsley, radish, shallot, tomato | — |
| Kale | beet, bush bean, celery, chamomile (german), chives, cucumber, edamame, fava bean, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, nasturtium, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme, zinnia | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Kohlrabi | beet, bush bean, celery, chamomile (german), chives, cucumber, edamame, fava bean, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leek, mint, mustard greens, nasturtium, onion (bulb), potato, radish, romaine lettuce, rosemary, sage, shallot, spinach, swiss chard, thyme | cherry tomato, strawberry, tomato |
| Leaf Lettuce | beet, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, cherry tomato, chives, cilantro, collards, cucumber, dill, fennel (florence), garlic, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, leek, mint, onion (bulb), parsley, radish, shallot, strawberry, sweet corn, tomato | — |
| Leek | beet, bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomato, collards, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, parsley, romaine lettuce, tomato | bush bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean |
| Marigold | bell pepper, bush bean, cherry tomato, cucumber, eggplant, hot pepper, pole bean, potato, pumpkin, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), tomato, winter squash | — |
| Mint | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cherry tomato, collards, head lettuce, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, potato, romaine lettuce, tomato | — |
| Mustard Greens | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi | — |
| Nasturtium | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cantaloupe, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomato, collards, cucumber, kale, kohlrabi, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pumpkin, radish, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), tomato, watermelon, winter squash | — |
| Okra | bell pepper | — |
| Onion (bulb) | beet, bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chamomile (german), cherry tomato, collards, dill, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, salad mix (baby greens), spinach, strawberry, swiss chard, tomato | bush bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean |
| Oregano | bell pepper, cherry tomato, cucumber, eggplant, hot pepper, potato, pumpkin, tomato | — |
| Parsley | bell pepper, cherry tomato, eggplant, head lettuce, hot pepper, leaf lettuce, leek, potato, romaine lettuce, salad mix (baby greens), spinach, sweet corn, tomato | — |
| Pea (shelling/snap/snow) | bush bean, carrot, cilantro, cucumber, nasturtium, pole bean, radish, rosemary, sage, sweet corn, turnip | chives, garlic, green onion, leek, onion (bulb), potato, shallot |
| Pole Bean | calendula, carrot, celery, cilantro, cucumber, eggplant, marigold, pea (shelling/snap/snow), potato, radish, rosemary, sage, strawberry, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), sweet corn, swiss chard, winter squash | beet, chives, garlic, green onion, leek, onion (bulb), shallot |
| Potato | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, garlic, kale, kohlrabi, marigold, mint, oregano, parsley, pole bean, sweet corn | cherry tomato, cucumber, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pumpkin, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), sunflower, tomato, turnip, winter squash |
| Pumpkin | cantaloupe, marigold, nasturtium, oregano, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), sweet corn, watermelon, winter squash | potato |
| Radish | bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, collards, cucumber, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, nasturtium, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean, romaine lettuce, salad mix (baby greens), spinach, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), winter squash | — |
| Romaine Lettuce | beet, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, cherry tomato, chives, cilantro, collards, cucumber, dill, fennel (florence), garlic, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, leek, mint, onion (bulb), parsley, radish, shallot, strawberry, sweet corn, tomato | — |
| Rosemary | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean | — |
| Rutabaga | edamame, fava bean | — |
| Sage | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean, sweet corn | cucumber |
| Salad Mix (baby greens) | green onion, onion (bulb), parsley, radish | — |
| Shallot | beet, bell pepper, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomato, collards, head lettuce, hot pepper, kale, kohlrabi, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, tomato | bush bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean |
| Spinach | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cilantro, collards, dill, fava bean, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, onion (bulb), parsley, radish, strawberry | — |
| Strawberry | borage, bush bean, green onion, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, onion (bulb), pole bean, romaine lettuce, spinach, thyme | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi |
| Summer Squash (zucchini/yellow) | dill, marigold, nasturtium, pole bean, pumpkin, radish, sweet corn | potato |
| Sunflower | cherry tomato, cucumber, sweet corn, tomato | potato |
| Sweet Corn | bush bean, cucumber, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, parsley, pea (shelling/snap/snow), pole bean, potato, pumpkin, romaine lettuce, sage, summer squash (zucchini/yellow), sunflower, winter squash | cherry tomato, tomato |
| Swiss Chard | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, green onion, kale, kohlrabi, onion (bulb), pole bean | — |
| Thyme | broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cherry tomato, collards, eggplant, kale, kohlrabi, strawberry, tomato | — |
| Tomato | basil, bell pepper, borage, calendula, carrot, celery, chives, cucumber, garlic, green onion, head lettuce, hot pepper, leaf lettuce, leek, marigold, mint, nasturtium, onion (bulb), oregano, parsley, romaine lettuce, shallot, sunflower, thyme | broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush bean, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, fennel (florence), kale, kohlrabi, potato, sweet corn |
| Turnip | edamame, fava bean, pea (shelling/snap/snow) | potato |
| Watermelon | borage, chamomile (german), dill, nasturtium, pumpkin | — |
| Winter Squash | dill, marigold, nasturtium, pole bean, pumpkin, radish, sweet corn | potato |
| Zinnia | kale | — |
Traditional pairings from US extension guides (see Sources below); few have been tested in trials. Spacing, sun and rotation matter more.
Use the chart
- 01Find a crop in the chart to see its traditional companions and the crops usually kept apart from it.
- 02Plant companions in neighbouring squares in the planner.
- 03Treat the chart as a starting point: spacing, sun and rotation matter more than any single pairing.
What companion planting can and can't do
Some pairings have good reasons behind them: tall crops shading lettuce in summer; flowers like calendula, borage and marigolds drawing pollinators and predatory insects; beans and peas, whose root bacteria fix nitrogen. Many others are tradition, repeated between gardeners with little testing [3].
This chart lists the pairings US university extension services publish, from two full charts [1] [2] to fact sheets that name a few pairs each. A pair listed for one crop shows on both, and a pair the guides disagree about is left out. Each crop's planting dates page lists its companions too.
Companion plants by crop
Vegetables
- Beets
- Bell Peppers
- Broccoli
- Brussels Sprouts
- Bush Beans
- Cabbage
- Carrots
- Cauliflower
- Celery
- Cherry Tomatoes
- Collard Greens
- Cucumbers
- Edamame
- Eggplant
- Fava Beans
- Fennel
- Garlic
- Green Onions
- Head Lettuce
- Hot Peppers
- Kale
- Kohlrabi
- Leaf Lettuce
- Leeks
- Mustard Greens
- Okra
- Onions
- Peas
- Pole Beans
- Potatoes
- Pumpkins
- Radishes
- Romaine Lettuce
- Rutabagas
- Salad Mix
- Shallots
- Spinach
- Zucchini and Summer Squash
- Sweet Corn
- Swiss Chard
- Tomatoes
- Turnips
- Winter Squash
Plan your beds with these dates
Draw your beds, tap squares to plant them, and get every crop's dates for your ZIP code in one calendar. Free, in your browser.
Open the garden plannerQuestions
What should not be planted together?
Common advice keeps onions and garlic away from beans and peas, and tomatoes away from corn, potatoes, fennel and the cabbage family. The chart lists the pairs usually kept apart for each crop.
Do marigolds keep pests away?
Some marigolds suppress root-knot nematodes when grown densely as a cover crop for a whole season. A few marigolds among the tomatoes mostly attract pollinators and hoverflies, which is still a good reason to plant them.
More garden planning
Vegetable Garden LayoutLay out your vegetable garden to scale: beds or rows, the right spacing for each crop, plant counts, and planting dates for your ZIP code. Free.Crop RotationCrop rotation for home gardens: the vegetable families, why moving them each year matters, and a planner that warns when a family returns to the same bed.Raised Bed PlannerPlan your raised beds square by square: how many plants fit in a 4×8 or 4×4 bed, and when to plant each one for your ZIP code. Free, in your browser.
Sources
- UC Master Gardener Program, UC ANR: Companion Planting Chart: Companion Planting for Edible Crops
- University of Wisconsin–Madison Extension, Kenosha County: Companion Plants for the Vegetable Garden (column, 2012)
- University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County: Companion Planting (Backyard Gardener #254, 2024)
- Oregon State University Extension Service: Companion Planting (Food Hero, 2021)
- Oregon State University Extension Service: Herbs and Flowers in the Vegetable Garden
- Utah State University Extension, Utah 4-H: Creating Sustainable School and Home Gardens: Companion Planting (2025)
- Penn State Extension: Herbs Make Good Plant Partners and Companions
- SDSU Extension: Square-Foot Garden Sample Planting Layout (P-00379, 2026)
- University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County: The Art of Companion Planting (Master Gardener presentation, 2023)
- Clemson Cooperative Extension HGIC: Plant Partners: 5 Benefits of Companion Planting (2025)
- N.C. A&T State University Cooperative Extension: Five Veggies You Can Grow at Home
- University of Vermont Extension: Creating a Biodiverse Vegetable Garden (2023)
- UF/IFAS Florida-Friendly Landscaping Program: Companion Planting (FFL in a Minute, 2020)
- WSU Extension Skagit County Master Gardeners: Trap Cropping (2020)
- NC State Extension: Extension Gardener Handbook, Chapter 16: Vegetable Gardening